Can I discharge a LiFePO4 battery to 0%?

Technically yes, but it is not ideal for longevity. A LiFePO4 cell counts as fully discharged at 2.50V, and the BMS (battery management system) disconnects the pack before the cells get there. Depth of discharge is what really moves cycle life: Victron prints 2,500 cycles at 80% DoD, 3,000 at 70% and 5,000 at 50% , and publishes no figure at all for 100%. Battle Born is the maker that rates a battery for 100% usable depth of discharge, at 3,000-5,000 cycles. For daily-use systems like solar storage, 80% DoD offers the best balance between usable capacity and lifespan.

Do LiFePO4 batteries work in freezing temperatures?

LiFePO4 batteries discharge well in cold conditions, delivering roughly 80% capacity at 0C (32F) and about 50% at -20C (-4F), the reductions Victron prints for its own LiFePO4 range. Charging below 0C, though, can permanently damage lithium cells by causing lithium plating on the anode. Quality batteries include a BMS that blocks charging below freezing. If you use LiFePO4 in winter, either insulate and heat the battery compartment or choose a model with built-in low-temperature charging protection.

Why are LiFePO4 batteries so much more expensive upfront?

As of early 2026, a 100Ah LiFePO4 battery costs $300-600 compared to $150-250 for an equivalent AGM. Prices and rates on this page are our own estimates as of the date shown; they change often. Enter your own figures for a current result. But cost-per-cycle tells the real story. A $400 LiFePO4 lasting 3,000 cycles costs about $0.13 per cycle. A $200 AGM lasting 400 cycles costs $0.50 per cycle, nearly 4x more expensive over its lifetime. LiFePO4 also weighs less and wastes less energy to heat, which further tips the economics.

LiFePO4 Battery Runtime Calc - 80% DoD

5 min read

LiFePO4 (lithium iron phosphate) batteries deliver more usable energy per amp-hour than any lead-acid type. The LiFePO4 battery runtime calculator below works at the voltage the makers actually print: a "12V" LiFePO4 battery is 12.8V nominal, so a 100Ah unit holds 1,280Wh, not 1,200Wh. Results use that nominal and the depth of discharge you set. For the formula breakdown and more worked examples, see our battery runtime guide.

LiFePO4 battery specs showing 3.2V cell voltage, 100 percent usable depth of discharge, and cycle life.

LiFePO4 vs Other Battery Chemistries

Specification	LiFePO4	AGM Lead-Acid	Flooded Lead-Acid	Lithium-Ion (NMC)
Usable DoD	100%	50%	50%	n/a
Cycle Life	2,500 at 80% DoD, 5,000 at 50%	400 at 80%, 600 at 50%	n/a	1,000-2,000
Round-trip Efficiency	92-99%	80-85%	75-85%	85-95%
Weight per kWh	about 10-11 kg (manufacturer packs on record)	~25 kg	~30 kg	~6 kg
Self-discharge/month	2-3%	1-3%	5-15%	3-5%
Thermal Runaway Risk	Very low	None (but gassing risk)	None (but gassing risk)	Moderate

Each depth-of-discharge and cycle-life figure above is the maker's own. Victron prints 2,500 cycles at 80% DoD for its LiFePO4 batteries, rising to 3,000 at 70% and 5,000 at 50%, and 400 cycles at 80% for its AGM line, so those two cycle figures are directly comparable at the same depth. Battle Born rates its 100Ah LiFePO4 battery for 100% usable depth of discharge at 3,000-5,000 deep discharge cycles, the only 100% figure any maker we opened publishes. Battery University's summary table puts NMC at 1,000-2,000 cycles. An n/a marks a cell this page does not publish a figure for.

The usable capacity gap is the key difference. A 100Ah LiFePO4 battery at 80% DoD delivers 80Ah of usable power. A 100Ah AGM at its safe 50% DoD delivers just 50Ah, 37.5% less usable energy from the same amp-hour rating.

LiFePO4 cell voltage (Renogy's chart): 3.40 V full, 3.32 V at 80% to 3.20 V at 20% state of charge, 2.50 V empty. — Renogy's LiFePO4 voltage chart (its table labels only one row 'Rest', at full charge; no C-rate or temperature stated) prints 3.32 V at 80% and 3.20 V at 20% state of charge, and LiTime prints that LiFePO4 holds a very flat voltage plateau, with minimal voltage variation between 20% and 80% state of charge, so the battery delivers consistent power across the middle of its capacity. Renogy publishes a second chart that differs from this one, one of the reasons our battery voltage to percentage calculator gives no percentage for this chemistry.

The LiFePO4 Voltage Curve Advantage

LiFePO4 cells hold a remarkably flat voltage through most of their discharge. LiTime prints that LiFePO4 holds a very flat voltage plateau, with minimal voltage variation between 20% and 80% state of charge, and Renogy's chart prints 3.32V per cell at 80% and 3.20V at 20% state of charge. This flat curve means your 12V system delivers nearly constant power through the middle of the charge, and the voltage falls away steeply only as the battery nears empty.

Compare that to lead-acid, where U.S. Battery's own chart puts a 12V battery at 12.73V full and 12.10V at 50% discharge. That voltage sag reduces the effective wattage available to your devices and makes some sensitive electronics behave erratically.

The practical impact: a LiFePO4-powered inverter maintains consistent AC output through most of the discharge, until the final fall just before the BMS cuts off, while a lead-acid system gradually loses capacity as voltage drops. For devices with minimum voltage requirements (like 12V compressor fridges), LiFePO4 delivers noticeably longer effective runtimes than the raw numbers suggest.

Worked Examples

Upgrading from Lead-Acid to LiFePO4 in an RV

Context

You currently run two 100Ah lead-acid batteries (200Ah) at 50% DoD, giving you about 1,035 Wh delivered. You want to switch to a single 200Ah LiFePO4 at 80% DoD. Your load is 150W.

Calculation

LiFePO4 delivered: 200 x 12.8 x 0.80 x 0.90 = 1,843 Wh → runtime = 12.3 hrs

Lead-acid is not a straight division: at 150W through a 90% inverter the bank supplies 13.9A, and at that rate our flooded correction, interpolated between the rows Trojan prints for its T-105, returns 6.9 hrs at 50% DoD. The comparison rows under your result do this for you.

Interpretation

The LiFePO4 gives about 80% more runtime from the same amp-hour capacity. That is 5.4 extra hours from one battery in place of two, and a good deal lighter.

Takeaway

LiFePO4 wins on usable capacity, weight, and cycle life. To see how fast solar can recharge it, use our solar battery charge time calculator.

Sizing a 48V LiFePO4 Bank for Off-Grid Solar

Context

Your cabin draws 1,500W average for 6 hours per evening (9 kWh). You want one night of autonomy from a 48V LiFePO4 bank at 80% DoD and 92% inverter efficiency.

Calculation

Energy needed: 9,000 Wh / 0.92 eff = 9,783 Wh from battery

A 48V LiFePO4 string is 51.2V nominal, so at 80% DoD: 9,783 / (51.2 x 0.80) = 238.8 Ah minimum

Standard option: 3 x 100Ah modules in parallel (300Ah).

Interpretation

300Ah at 51.2V nominal gives 12,288 Wh usable against the 9,783 Wh the bank has to hold, about 26% headroom. That margin covers colder nights, when Victron prints capacity dropping about 20% at 0C.

Takeaway

After sizing the bank, size the solar array to replenish it daily. Our solar panel and battery sizing calculator handles both sides in one step.

Frequently Asked Questions

Glossary

Lithium Iron Phosphate

A lithium battery chemistry (LiFePO4) known for exceptional safety, long cycle life (Battle Born prints 3,000-5,000 deep discharge cycles at 100% depth of discharge), and flat discharge voltage. It is heavier per kWh than other lithium chemistries, but its risk of thermal runaway is very low.

Battery Management System

An electronic circuit built into LiFePO4 batteries that monitors voltage, current, and temperature of each cell. It prevents overcharging, over-discharging, and short circuits. Without a BMS, individual cells can become dangerously unbalanced.

Flat Discharge Curve

LiTime prints that LiFePO4 holds a very flat voltage plateau, with minimal voltage variation between 20% and 80% state of charge, so your devices receive stable power across that band, unlike lead-acid, which sags progressively.

Sizing a solar system for your LiFePO4 battery bank? Our solar battery bank size calculator helps you match panels to storage.

Runtimes here are the energy identity at the 12.8V-per-block nominal Victron prints, and LiFePO4 takes no rate correction up to the 1C discharge its datasheets are rated at; the lead-acid and AGM comparison rows use the capacity Trojan (flooded) and Victron (AGM) print for their own batteries at each discharge rate, interpolated between the printed rows, so every printed row comes back exactly. LiFePO4 dominates the off-grid and mobile power space for good reason. Higher usable capacity, longer cycle life, and flat voltage output make it the best chemistry for most applications, provided you can handle the upfront cost. Run your numbers above, then check whether the cost-per-cycle math works for your use case. For a side-by-side chemistry breakdown, read our LiFePO4 vs lead-acid runtime comparison. If AGM is on your shortlist, the AGM runtime calculator uses AGM-specific defaults. And for applications needing heavy cycling on a budget, check the deep cycle runtime calculator which covers flooded and gel types too.

More Battery calculators

Browse all battery calculators: LiFePO4, lead-acid, AGM, and lithium-ion runtime, charge time, and capacity sizing.

Last updated: October 25, 2026

Written and maintained by Dan Dadovic, Commercial Director at Ezoic Inc. & PhD Candidate in Information Sciences. On the energy side, Dan has hands-on experience with residential solar panel installation, DIY battery bank construction, off-grid power systems, wind power, and EV ownership/driving, all from building, maintaining, and operating his own systems.

Disclaimer: Calculator results are estimates based on theoretical formulas. Actual performance varies with temperature, battery age, load patterns, and equipment condition. For critical electrical work, consult a licensed electrician.

Methodology reviewed by Doc. dr. sc. Damir Topić, Assistant Professor, FERIT Osijek.